Hadoop

Website

hadoop.apache.org

$ Details

Categories

#Databases #Relational Databases #NoSQL Databases #Big Data

Apache Parquet

Website

parquet.apache.org

$ Details

Categories

#Databases #Big Data #Key-Value Database #Data Management

Hadoop features and specs

• Scalability
  Hadoop can easily scale from a single server to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage.
• Cost-Effective
  It utilizes a distributed infrastructure, allowing you to use low-cost commodity hardware to store and process large datasets.
• Fault Tolerance
  Hadoop automatically maintains multiple copies of all data and can automatically recover data on failure of nodes, ensuring high availability.
• Flexibility
  It can process a wide variety of structured and unstructured data, including logs, images, audio, video, and more.
• Parallel Processing
  Hadoop's MapReduce framework enables the parallel processing of large datasets across a distributed cluster.
• Community Support
  As an Apache project, Hadoop has robust community support and a vast ecosystem of related tools and extensions.

Possible disadvantages of Hadoop

• Complexity
  Setting up, maintaining, and tuning a Hadoop cluster can be complex and often requires specialized knowledge.
• Overhead
  The MapReduce model can introduce additional overhead, particularly for tasks that require low-latency processing.
• Security
  While improvements have been made, Hadoop's security model is considered less mature compared to some other data processing systems.
• Hardware Requirements
  Though it can run on commodity hardware, Hadoop can still require significant computational and storage resources for larger datasets.
• Lack of Real-Time Processing
  Hadoop is mainly designed for batch processing and is not well-suited for real-time data analytics, which can be a limitation for certain applications.
• Data Integrity
  Distributed systems face challenges in maintaining data integrity and consistency, and Hadoop is no exception.

Apache Parquet features and specs

• Columnar Storage
  Apache Parquet uses columnar storage, which allows for efficient retrieval of only the data you need, reducing I/O and improving query performance on large datasets.
• Compression
  Parquet files support efficient compression and encoding schemes, resulting in significant storage savings and less data to transfer over the network.
• Compatibility
  It is compatible with the Hadoop ecosystem, including tools like Apache Spark, Hive, and Impala, making it versatile for big data processing.
• Schema Evolution
  Parquet supports schema evolution, allowing changes to the schema without breaking existing data, which helps in maintaining long-lived data pipelines.
• Efficient Read Performance for Aggregations
  Due to its columnar layout, Parquet is highly efficient for processing queries that aggregate data across columns, such as SUM and AVERAGE.

Possible disadvantages of Apache Parquet

• Write Performance
  Writing data to Parquet can be slower compared to row-based formats, particularly for small inserts or updates, due to the overhead of encoding and compression.
• Complexity in File Management
  Managing and partitioning Parquet files to optimize performance can become complex, particularly as datasets grow in size and complexity.
• Not Ideal for All Workloads
  Workloads that require frequent row-level updates or involve small queries might be less efficient with Parquet due to its columnar nature.
• Learning Curve
  The need to understand the nuances of columnar storage, encoding, and compression can pose a learning curve for teams new to Parquet.

Analysis of Hadoop

What is Big Data and Hadoop?

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