Nodebox
Processing
Vvvv
Vuo
Cinder
Pure Data
TouchDesigner
OpenFrameworks
PixaFlux
Substance Designer
Material Maker
Filter Forge
TextureLab
TexGraph
Substance Alchemist
TextureWorks
Nodebox
PixaFluxProcessing - C++ and Java programming at the speed of thought.
Substance Designer - Substance Designer is a node-based non-destructive application for material authoring.
Vvvv - vvvv is a graphical programming environment for easy prototyping and development.
Material Maker - Cross-platform, procedural texture generation tool.
Vuo - Design and build live interactive media.
Filter Forge - On the surface, Filter Forge is just a Photoshop plugin, a pack of filters that generate textures...