MLton

Website

mlton.org

$ Details

Categories

#Programming Language #OOP #Generic Programming Language

Rust

Website

rust-lang.org

$ Details

Categories

#Programming Language #OOP #Generic Programming Language #Dynamic Programming Language

MLton features and specs

• Performance
  MLton is known for producing highly optimized, efficient executables due to its whole-program compilation approach. This can result in faster performance compared to other Standard ML compilers.
• Standard ML Compliance
  MLton has strong adherence to the Standard ML language specification, ensuring that programs written for MLton are highly portable and conform to the expected language standards.
• Rich Optimization
  The compiler includes numerous optimization techniques, enabling better runtime performance and memory usage for compiled applications.
• Large Language Support
  MLton supports the full breadth of the Standard ML language, including advanced features like functors and modules.

Possible disadvantages of MLton

• Compilation Time
  Due to its whole-program optimization techniques, MLton can take longer to compile programs compared to other compilers that use separate compilation.
• Executable Size
  Although MLton optimizes for performance, this can sometimes result in larger executable sizes than compilers that don't perform as many optimizations.
• Limited Interactivity
  MLton is optimized for batch processing and does not provide interactive development features like a REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop), which can be a downside for some developers used to interactive programming environments.
• Platform Availability
  While MLton supports several platforms, its availability may not be as widespread as other more commonly used programming environments, which could limit use in certain contexts.

Rust features and specs

• Memory Safety
  Rust’s ownership system guarantees memory safety without a garbage collector, preventing common bugs such as null pointer dereferencing, buffer overflows, and data races.
• Performance
  Rust aims to provide memory safety while maintaining high performance. It is often as fast as C and C++ due to zero-cost abstractions.
• Concurrency
  Rust's ownership and type system make it easier to write safe concurrent code, helping developers avoid concurrency issues.
• Tooling
  Rust has excellent tooling, including the Cargo package manager and build system, and Rustfmt for code formatting.
• Community and Ecosystem
  Rust has a growing community and ecosystem, with active contributions and a wide range of libraries and frameworks available.
• Strong Typing and Error Handling
  Rust’s type system and pattern matching compel developers to handle errors and edge cases, leading to more robust and predictable code.

Possible disadvantages of Rust

• Learning Curve
  Rust’s advanced features such as its ownership system and lifetimes can be difficult for beginners to grasp, making it harder to learn compared to some other languages.
• Compilation Time
  Rust can have longer compilation times, especially for large codebases, which can slow down the development process.
• Ecosystem Maturity
  Although growing, Rust's ecosystem is not yet as mature as those of more established languages like JavaScript, Python, or even C++, leading to fewer available libraries and frameworks for certain tasks.
• Complexity of Code
  The strictness of Rust's borrow checker can lead to more complex and verbose code as developers explicitly manage ownership and lifetimes.
• Tool and Library Development
  Despite the rapid growth, some tools and libraries are still under development or lack the polish of their counterparts in more mature languages.

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