Adapter - Adapter is freeware (100% free software). Unlike other free apps, Adapter is lightweight and comes with a completely spam free installer that doesn't install toolbars or gunk up your computer. Adapter won't add obnoxious watermarks to your output.
FFmpeg - Open source multimedia suite for conversion, playback, profiling, and streaming.
HandBrake - HandBrake allows users to easily convert video files into a wide variety of different formats.
Adobe Media Encoder CC - Create optimized video for any screen size and resolution with Adobe Media Encoder. Available only in Adobe Creative Cloud.
Any Video Converter - Any Video Converter is an All-in-One video converting tool with easy-to-use graphical interface, fast converting speed and excellent video quality. It allows you to effortlessly convert video files between every format!
gstreamer - GStreamer is a library for constructing graphs of media-handling components. The applications it supports range from simple Ogg/Vorbis playback, audio/video streaming to complex audio (mixing) and video (non-linear editing) processing.