Development Environments with vcluster

1

Kubernetes

A Kubernetes cluster which will be the host cluster (kind, k3s, k0s, etc.).

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2

Kind

The second concern: networking. Let’s say you decide to investigate first in your local environment. Deploying three entire clusters in your own workstation is not easy. You can opt for solutions like multiple kind (kubernetes-in-docker) or k3d. Both deploy clusters in containers on top of the host machine. One cluster, one container. If you try one of these approaches, you probably have to tweak the network between the containers and the host machine.

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3

k3s

Each of these StatefulSets belong to one vcluster. In its attached volume is stored all the data regarding the deployed vcluster. Getting closer, you will find that one of the containers of those StatefulSets is an entire [k3s](https://k3s.io/), a lightweight Kubernetes flavor. You could also use any of the supported kubernetes flavors: [eks, k0s and vanilla k8s](https://www.vcluster.com/docs/operator/other-distributions). The other container is a [syncer](https://www.vcluster.com/docs/architecture/basics#vcluster-syncer), an application which copies the pods that are created within the vcluster to the underlying host cluster. This is the reason you can see all the resources if you are the admin of the “host” cluster, and only your resources if you are the admin of the vcluster. You can think of the StatefulSet like the control plane of a vcluster. This is the reason why you need to be careful how to deploy its pods. Let’s see it in your just created environment. In your vcluster, you will see:.

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4

Istio

In this workshop, in a matter of seconds, you will deploy Istio in the two workload clusters, a demo application to use in your labs, and Gloo Mesh to test the application networking capabilities (multi-cluster traffic, traffic splitting, fault injection, etc.). All this is based on just one host Kubernetes cluster containing three virtual clusters.

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5

Helm.sh

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6

Fluent Bit

Check the names. That is the translation layer that vcluster makes for you. There are a couple of things to keep in mind when working with vclusters: Reserve resources enough for those StatefulSet pods: It is a good practice to have nodes with resources dedicated solely to these pods and make sure that the pods are deployed in those nodes. The intention is that the StatefulSet pods (vcluster control planes) will not run out of resources which would dramatically impact the performance of the vcluster. To do this, you can play with taints and nodeselectors in the nodes. Logs and Kubernetes metadata: Log Aggregators tools like [Fluentbit](https://fluentbit.io/) and [Grafana Promtail](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/) rely on the Kubernetes structure and naming convention. Log folders and files follow the kubernetes structure given by the host cluster. From the command above, you could see that the same pod has different names in vcluster and in the host. Therefore, if you deploy one of the observability tools mentioned before in the vcluster, the expected structures will not match the one in the host cluster.The consequence is that the vcluster will not be able to leverage the Kubernetes metadata, nor the log traces from the applications in that cluster. This issue is currently being addressed by the [Loft Labs](https://loft.sh/) team at the time of writing this post. The last interesting point to mention is the capability to pause/resume individual vcluster (StatefulSets). In case you do not want to destroy the entire environment created in the workshop you can just do:.

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